The science of feeling great

Vessel is on a mission to help you access, understand, and optimize your health and wellness from the comfort of home. In order to accomplish that, it’s important that we get the science, engineering, and software right. So let's dive in, shall we?

Find your better

Most of our healthcare system is focused on poor health and disease states. But what about proactive measures to feel better? That's what Vessel is all about.

The wellness continuum

Disease

Diagnosed and treatment started.

  • Diabetes
  • Chronic diseases
  • Cancer

Poor Health

No symptoms but damage to body and mind.

  • High cholesterol
  • Hypertension
  • Pre-diabetes

Fair Health

Healthy but may be having issues.

  • Poor sleep
  • Low energy
  • Brain fog

Optimal Health

Feeling and performing at one's best.

  • Waking refreshed
  • Consistent energy
  • Clear headed and calm

If Your Body Could Talk, What Would It Say?

Take a journey inside the Vessel experience with our Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Dave Larson. He shows you how urine can be used to determine your body's general levels of nutrients, hydration, and more.

The experts

From top doctors and scientists to nutritionists, our team has a deep passion for and expertise on what it takes to live a healthy lifestyle. And they’re here at Vessel because they share a common vision of improving the vitality and longevity of humankind.

David Larson, MD

Chief Medical Officer at Vessel

Jesús M. Gonzalez, PhD

Chief Science Officer at Vessel

Dr. John Brownstein, PhD

Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School

Maryam Soltani, MD, PhD

Paula Sturm, RDN, FMN, CFSP

Linda Lillingworth, RD

Mike Moreno, MD

Mona Ezzat-Velinov, MD

Over 350 scientific studies

They say you can find a study to prove just about anything. And while that may be true, what about when you have 50 studies, 100 studies, or 350 studies proving the same thing? That’s a different story, right?

Well, our team has done a lot of that research, linking over 350 studies in the app (and it’s the double-blind, placebo-controlled good stuff).

01

How we determine low, good, high

We search the scientific and medical literature for the most updated research on the levels found in urine along with what is considered a normal range. We then design our assays to match this normal range and extend it to cover reported abnormal readings. Once the assay is designed, we conduct extensive testing with synthetic samples covering all the expected ranges as well as in multiple real bathrooms covering a wide set of lighting conditions. We then perform a statistical analysis and specify the buckets so that there is a 95% chance of the results falling within one, this way we can assure that we can distinguish between normal and deficient levels.

Multiple factors affect the number of buckets that we can “extract” of each chemistry. This includes the efficiency of the chemical reactions involved as well as the color that the assay yields. Some colors are easier to detect than others.

We are always improving our tests, raising better antibodies, experimenting with new chemical reactions, and implementing new assay technologies to expand the number of buckets that we can offer.

02

How we make recommendations

We look at the results of each test and the related scientific studies on how to improve those results. We then utilize machine learning and algorithms to identify the right foods, supplements, stress-relieving activities, and even the amount of water you need to drink to get hydrated. It's a combination of science and software that delivers your personalized recommendations. All related science studies are linked to right in the app for your reference.

The science behind how you feel

See what the scientific studies say about the various things Vessel tests for: sleep, energy, mood, and more. These studies are all available in the app as well.

Focus
5 studies
Beauty
5 studies
Immunity
5 studies
Body
5 studies
Sleep
5 studies
Energy
5 studies
Fitness
5 studies
Calm
5 studies
Mood
5 studies
Digestion
5 studies
Beauty
8 studies
Immunity
3 studies
Body
6 studies
Energy
5 studies
Mood
4 studies
Focus
13 studies
Beauty
4 studies
Body
4 studies
Sleep
3 studies
Energy
9 studies
Calm
7 studies
Mood
8 studies
Digestion
4 studies
Focus
7 studies
Beauty
4 studies
Immunity
6 studies
Body
9 studies
Sleep
14 studies
Energy
10 studies
Calm
18 studies
Mood
10 studies
Digestion
3 studies
Focus
7 studies
Beauty
2 studies
Immunity
6 studies
Body
8 studies
Sleep
2 studies
Energy
3 studies
Calm
2 studies
Mood
10 studies
Body
4 studies
Energy
3 studies
Focus
8 studies
Beauty
4 studies
Immunity
4 studies
Sleep
1 studies
Energy
5 studies
Mood
6 studies
Focus
8 studies
Beauty
2 studies
Immunity
4 studies
Body
1 studies
Sleep
2 studies
Energy
6 studies
Calm
4 studies
Mood
11 studies
Focus
6 studies
Beauty
3 studies
Immunity
4 studies
Body
15 studies
Sleep
17 studies
Energy
9 studies
Calm
5 studies
Mood
13 studies
Digestion
2 studies
Focus
7 studies
Beauty
2 studies
Immunity
6 studies
Body
8 studies
Sleep
2 studies
Energy
3 studies
Calm
2 studies
Mood
10 studies

Healthy Immune System and Vitamin C?

Learn more

Cortisol and Body

The scientific studies showcasing the links between cortisol and body.

Healthy Immune System and Vitamin C?

Learn more

Look familiar?

Vessel uses existing technology that has been around for decades. A single Vessel wellness card has 15 colorimetric assays (used on pee sticks) and 6 lateral flow assays (used on pregnancy tests). Colorimetric tests and LFAs are routinely used in labs and medical offices and are both reliable and affordable, making them ideal for at-home testing.

Dr. Rosalyn Yalow

Physicist & Nobel Laureate

Standing on the shoulders of geniuses

Vessel would not exist today if it wasn't for this amazing woman Dr. Rosalyn Yalow. It was her groundbreaking work on assays that earned her a Nobel Prize, and is the foundation of the science Vessel uses.

Rosalyn, as her friends would call her, passed away in 2011. Her accomplishment of creating an affordable and accurate way to see what is going on inside our bodies will continue to make a positive impact for many many more years to come.

This isn't your grandmother's pregnancy test

But we gotta give some love to the OG pregnancy test. It was a game changer in allowing women to tell if they were pregnant from the comfort of home. Fun fact: the first at-home pregnancy test was made available in the US in 1977.

Grey fiducials

Help us determine color changes due to lighting conditions.

Fluidics

This helps make sure the urine is dispersed along the tests evenly.

Creatinine

Creatinine ratio can detect interferences like drinking a bunch of water before testing.

QR code

This helps the reader identify the calibration data for that specific batch of test cards.

Timer

This improves accuracy by getting to the specifics of how long it’s been since you peed on the test card (coming soon).

1

Grey Fiducials

Help us determine color changes due to lighting conditions.

2

Fluidics

Helps us determine the color change of the climatic assays.

3

Creatinine

Creatinine ratio can detect interferences like drinking a bunch of water before testing.

4

QR Code

This helps the reader identify the calibration data for that specific batch of test cards.

5

Timer

This improves accuracy by getting to the specifics of how long it’s been since you peed on the test card (coming soon).

Turning your phone into a card reader

The Vessel app turns your already amazing smartphone into a card reader that uses computer vision and machine learning software to accurately scan a card in the various lighting environments found at-home. Kinda like magic, but it's just 0s and 1s.

Your phone

Vessel app

Computer Vision and Machine Learning

Test card reader

Your phone

Vessel app

Computer Vision and Machine Learning

Test card reader

Third-party accuracy study results

One of the pillars of the scientific method is to have other researchers independently replicate your results. We have evaluated the tests extensively in our labs, but to verify our results, we sent our cards and app to a lab specialized in biological sample collections and testing. They used control samples to activate our cards following our testing recommendations.

The control samples spanned the complete range of the assays and the cards were activated under various lighting conditions. The control samples were tested multiple times with different cards so that over 500 pictures were taken. This was done to measure repeatability and to ensure the results were statistically significant. View full accuracy report

Overall results

Assay

Exact
match

Exact match means the % of the time the results fall within the exact bucket.

Within
one

Within one means the % of the time the results fall within one bucket up or down.

Number of
buckets

Each test has a resolution of 3-6 different ranges that can be differentiated by your smartphone camera. We call these ranges buckets and we measure accuracy based on how well our analysis system places your results in the correct buckets.

pH

98%

100%

4

Magnesium

88%

100%

5

Vitamin C

82%

99%

5

Ketone B

81%

95%

4

Specific
gravity

70%

100%

4

Cortisol

71%

96%

5

Vitamin B7

72%

97%

4

Vitamin B9

67%

98%

4

This study was conducted by a third party using wellness cards that were built at the Vessel Lab in Pennsylvania. We are in the process of running an expanded study with high volume production cards and will update this page as new data becomes available.

Comparison

ph

FDA-cleared
device

Vessel
card

pH

Exact match: 75.7
Within one: 98.6
Levels: 8

Exact match: 98%
Within one: 100%
Levels: 4

SG

Exact match: 63.4
Within one: 98.6
Levels: 6

Exact match: 70%
Within one: 100%
Levels: 4

You Did It!

If you made it all this way we just wanna say you rock! Science isn't always the most riveting thing to be spending your time reading. You obviously care, so to show a little appreciation back we'de like to offer you this coupon code for 10% off. but don't tell anybody, they've gotta suffer through this just like you did. Coupon code: YouDidIt

Let`s Get Started

Q&A

Here you can find some of the most common questions we’ve been asked and our replies. If we didn’t answer your question, please don’t hesitate to Contact us.

Can diseases and medications impact results?

Absolutely.  Our biomarker tests depend on normal kidney function to be accurate, so any diseases or medications that impair kidney function can cause inaccurate results.  Some examples of diseases that can reduce kidney function include high blood pressure, diabetes, autoimmune diseases like lupus, and infectious disease caused by group A streptococcus. Usually kidney function is estimated by a blood test called eGFR or estimated glomerular filtration rate. If you have an abnormal eGFR you unfortunately can’t count on the accuracy of your Vessel test results.

Other medical conditions that can impact your results include endocrine diseases that alter your antidiuretic hormone levels, as well as diseases of your urinary tract such as kidney stones or urogenital tract cancers. 

Certain medications can also affect the way our kidneys work, and lead to erroneous results. Some examples include diuretic medications such as furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide), chlorthalidone (Hygroton), or Spironolactone (Aldactone).

If you think you might have a medical condition or are taking a medication that impacts kidney function, ask your doctor before acting on any Vessel test results.

Why test with urine rather than blood?

Most of the nutrients that help you to feel at your best act within the cells of your body where they do things to help to make enzymes function well, improve mitochondrial function, and impact DNA expression. Our circulatory system (blood) helps get those nutrients from our gut where they are digested to the organs, tissues, and cells where they are needed.

If nutrients are not needed, they are not absorbed by the cells and continue on with the bloodstream to the kidneys. As blood passes through our kidneys, they filter approximately 125 mL of blood per minute, and through a very complex process help to pull out excess nutrients that we didn’t need, and combine this with water and other metabolic byproducts the body doesn’t need to make our urine, which collects in our bladder until we go pee.

A blood test measures nutrients in your bloodstream at a moment in time, whereas the first morning urine test that Vessel uses reflects around 8 hours of nutrient levels (depending on when you last went pee before bed), which is much more useful information.

Furthermore, because we also test for something called urine creatinine we can normalize your results regardless of how much water you drank (how dilute your urine is). 

Urine is increasingly being used for what’s called “precision nutrition” because it can accurately reflect not only what nutrients we have consumed, but also how those nutrients are being utilized (by measuring what are called metabolites).  Fine tuning your nutrient levels often requires repeated testing, which can be painful, expensive, and inconvenient if it requires a blood draw. Testing urine makes this process much easier to do.

Urine isn’t the best for everything, and that’s why we are also creating simple fingerstick blood tests to pick up things like COVID-19 antibodies in just 15 minutes.

Is it FDA approved?

The Vessel wellness test card falls under the general health and wellness guidelines of the FDA and therefore we are not seeking approval for it. We are seeking approval for our blood based at-home COVID-19 antibody test and have recently completed our clinical trial.

Does it warn you if you have any dangerously high or low levels?

Yes. Each of our tests has different reference ranges of possible levels. Just like when you get a lab test done for your doctor, there is usually a range of “normal” results as well as “flagged” results of too high or too low. 

Many of the biomarkers we test for are rarely dangerous at very high or very low levels (biotin for example), however some results such as very high ketone levels can be a reflection of a dangerous underlying disease (such as diabetic ketoacidosis). 

When your results are critically high or low you are alerted through the app to repeat the results to confirm accuracy again and to alert your healthcare provider for further evaluation.

Cortisol tests and other urine tests can be 24 hours, how does this compare?

24 hour urine tests are often considered the “gold standard” in urine testing, however as you can imagine it’s tough to bring a big jug with you all day and night to collect your urine. To make this process more convenient, doctors and scientists have found ways to accurately estimate 24 hour urine by using a ratio of the biomarker to urine creatinine.

Creatinine is a product of muscle metabolism, and produced at a nearly constant rate moment to moment and excreted in the urine. Because of its constant rate of production, the amount of creatinine in the urine reflects how many hours of urine have been collected. Therefore the biomarker to creatinine ratio in the urine helps give you a result that correlates quite well with 24 hour urine studies (a correlation coefficient of over 0.92 for you science nerds).

Urinary folic acid doesn’t test as well as homocysteine - how did we select the tests we did?

We chose our tests based on what would be the most useful to our users goals of improving their health combined with what tests we can accurately measure using Vessel’s technology.  Some of these tests didn’t exist and we had to build them from scratch which as you can imagine doesn’t happen overnight. 

You’re right, homocysteine is a better marker of folic acid status than folic acid levels alone, and even better than that would be urine formiminoglutamic acid levels. We are working hard on building out these tests in future versions of our card, along with many more useful biomarkers.

Does alcohol have any effect on the results?

Mild or moderate alcohol consumption the night before your test (1-2 drinks) shouldn’t have a major impact on the results.

However, excessive alcohol can lead to a variety of physiologic changes including reduced plasma volume, altered acid-base balance, and electrolyte changes that can make your Vessel results inaccurate. Because of this we don’t recommend testing if you have been drinking heavily.

If I’m pregnant, can I still use Vessel? What’s different?

When you’re pregnant, not only does your blood become more dilute (watered down), but the blood flow going through your kidneys increases up to 80 percent by 12 weeks of gestation. This can lead to more dilute urine, and our usual way of compensating for this (with urine creatinine levels) often isn’t enough.

Because of this, your Vessel test results can appear lower than they actually are.  This usually isn’t a problem because in pregnancy you also have increased nutrient needs. However with some tests such as calcium and cortisol, we don’t recommend relying on Vessel’s results.

Can I test while I’m on my period?

Yes, you can still use your Vessel wellness test during your period, just be careful to perform a “clean catch” urine collection and avoid having any blood contact the urine test card as this can alter the results.

Can I test while I’m breastfeeding?

Yes. When breastfeeding you often have increased nutrient needs, and getting accurate information related to your nutrient status can be very important for you and your baby’s health and wellness.

Can children use this test? Are there age limitations?

Renal physiology changes a great deal in early childhood, and urine biomarker reference ranges are very different for infants, toddlers, kids, and teenagers. Their nutrient needs and recommended daily intake are also quite different.

Because of this, we don’t recommend that any children under age 13 use our test, and we don’t recommend that children age 13 - 18 use our tests without explicit parental consent.

Finally, because nutrient supplementation hasn’t been as well studied in children we recommend against supplements such as Vessel fuel for kiddos. Using Vessel results to help guide dietary nutrient changes through whole foods is often very helpful to promote the wellness of our children.